Threats
Urbanisation & Infrastructure
Overexploitation of Biological Resources
Human Disturbance & Ecosystem Disruption
Invasive Species & Diseases
Pollution
Climate Change
Over 20 species of sea stars have declined in numbers due to a lethal epidemic in the past decades. Some scientists have suggested that climate change, which alters sea temperature, may be a trigger. On the other hand, excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may acidify seawater and eventually dissolve the shells of marine life. Some sea stars are keystone species and their decline will bring about serious disruption in their ecosystems. Additionally, in certain regions, urban development has directly destroyed sea star habitats and led to sewage runoff into the ocean. Invasive species, such as oysters and crabs, also compete with sea stars for food and space.
